Empirically Investigating the Impact of Antenna Polarization and Modulation Parameters on Subsoil Communication Range in LoRa Networks

The Long Range (LoRa) network has been widely acknowledged for its efficiency and reliability in terrestrial sensing applications. However, building a robust LoRa network in the subsoil environment, which presents challenges for radio communication, remains challenging. This study evaluates the impact of antenna polarization and LoRa modulation parameters, such as bandwidth and spreading factor, on subsoil communication ranges. Based on the results of our experiments, we propose practical LoRa network configurations for the seamless transmission of subsoil sensory data to the surface.