Efficiency Contingency Factors for Commercial EVs Optimal Centralized Charging Stations

This paper provides an Optimal Centralized Charging Station (OCCS) mechanism using an Optimal Commercialized Demand Response (OCDR) program coupled with three efficiency contingency factors (i.e., rolling resistance, aerodynamic drag, and traffic flow inertia) that are faced by commercial EVs. Additionally, this paper provides a detailed formulation for the optimal number of level chargers that can accommodate the system of operations for commercial and logistic businesses (CLBs). The methodology proposed contributes to curtail EV charging traffic congestion as well as shedding the load to avoid excess amount of charging loads. In this paper, three contingency factors are thoroughly examined by OCCS combined with OCDR for four case studies: high efficiency contingency, average efficiency contingency, low efficiency contingency, and ideal efficiency case studies. The results of the proposed methodology show an increase OCCS cost by approximately 141% and optimal number of charge level utilized.