Optimizing Energy Efficiency in Sensor Networks with the Virtual Power Routing Scheme (VPRS)

In the wireless networks where the nodes have limited power sources and are unable to recharge or use alternative power backup. In such networks, conserving energy becomes a critical aspect to enhance the overall network lifetime. To achieve energy optimization, the proposed architecture introduces three types of nodes: leaf nodes, router nodes, and supervisor nodes. These nodes work together to optimize energy consumption based on the services they are assigned. For example, some nodes may act as leaf nodes, which are responsible for specific tasks, while others may function as router nodes to transfer packets, and supervisor nodes play a coordinating role. The energy optimization methods primarily target reducing the number of retransmissions within the network. Retransmissions can be energy-consuming, and by minimizing them, the network can save power and extend its lifetime. Another aspect of the optimization is efficiently updating control messages for all sensor nodes. Effective control message updates can lead to better coordination and reduced energy wastage. Two methods are proposed for identifying the shortest route between source and receiver nodes. The first method involves dividing the network structure, referred to as the partition process, to calculate the shortest path. The second method focuses on creating a path with low delay and targeting nodes with higher energy levels. This ensures that the data is transmitted through energy-rich nodes, reducing the overall energy consumption during data transfer. The central component of the proposed solution is the Virtual Power Routing Scheme (VPRS). VPRS aims to upgrade control notifications to all adjacent nodes without requiring response information from them. By efficiently distributing control information, the network can optimize power usage and improve overall performance.