Dynamic RTK using Compact GNSS Modules within an Indian Urban Environment

This paper presents the initial study results on the dynamic RTK performance analysis within a real-life, Indian urban environment. GPS+Galileo+QZSS hybrid RTK is carried out during mid-May 2022 in Burdwan, a town in India having various roadside situations. The presented studies are carried out using all combinations of two types of compact GNSS modules and two GNSS antennas mounted on a moving vehicle that moves through wide roads, dense residential areas having narrow roads, and areas containing buildings and trees. In different receiver and antenna combinations, it is observed that many situations are obtained when a position solution cannot be found using the compact GNSS single and dual frequency receivers. The work provides the basis for the applicability of low-cost, compact GNSS modules for dynamic RTK and the performance of such devices in constrained city environments. GNSS-based operations in such environments are to be properly planned during dynamic applications like smart city planning, and in safety-critical applications like autonomous car driving or asset management.