Thermo-Electrochemical Simulations in SPICE of Li-Ion Batteries under Active Charge Balancing

In this work a fast yet accurate model of an energy storage system was implemented in SPICE environment to evaluate the behavior of batteries when subjected to both charge/discharge currents and balancing strategies. Battery cells were described by thermo-electrochemical sub-circuits, while the active balancing circuit was implemented through a linear average model. The proposed approach provides useful means to BMS designers as it allows monitoring quantities of interest (e.g., maximum cell temperature, state of charge) while battery cells are concurrently charging/discharging and balancing their charge. To prove the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach, numerical simulations were performed under uneven initial conditions.