Low Voltage Systems for Electric ATVs

Electric vehicle is one of the most emerging subjects for every automobile giant in the world. It has become important for every automobile manufacturer to get their hands on the electric mobility sector. Thus it becomes important to understand and implement all kinds of electric vehicles possible. Low voltage systems are more focused on overall ride quality than high voltage systems, which typically handle the vehicle's power requirements. This paper talks about the low voltage system designed and developed extensively for an electric all-terrain vehicle that participated in India's electric all-terrain vehicle competition. The low-voltage system guides the vehicle and helps it understand and make split-second decisions as and when required. The paper explains how the data from various sensors and switches are collected and processed by the microcontroller and based on the predetermined algorithm and interlocking conditions, sends the signals to the circuit board, thereby actuating various relays, lights, and alarms. Designing and implementing the circuit board for the grounded low-voltage system is the most challenging task of the entire low-voltage system development as any failure in the circuit board design can cause a major vehicle breakdown. This study also shows how power is evenly distributed across the circuit board and how every component present on the board contributes to the overall system safety, thus providing comprehensive better system stability.