Reservoir Computing With Dynamic Reservoir using Cascaded DNA Memristors

This article proposes molecular and DNA memristors where the
state
is defined by a single output variable. In past molecular and DNA memristors, the state of the memristor was defined based on two output variables. These memristors cannot be cascaded because their input and output sizes are different. We introduce a different definition of state for the molecular and DNA memristors. This change allows cascading of memristors. The proposed memristors are used to build
reservoir computing
(RC) models that can process temporal inputs. An RC system consists of two parts:
reservoir
and
readout layer
. The first part projects the information from the input space into a high-dimensional feature space. We also study the input-state characteristics of the cascaded memristors and show that the cascaded memristors retain the memristive behavior. The cascade connections in a reservoir can change
dynamically
; this allows the synthesis of a dynamic reservoir as opposed to a static one in the prior work. This reduces the number of memristors significantly compared to a static reservoir. The inputs to the readout layer correspond to one molecule per state instead of two; this significantly reduces the number of molecular and DSD reactions for the readout layer. A DNA RC system consisting of DNA memristors and a DNA readout layer is used to detect seizures from intra-cranial electroencephalogram (iEEG). We also demonstrate that a DNA RC system consisting of three cascaded DNA memristors and a DNA readout layer can be used to solve the time-series prediction task. The proposed approach can reduce the number of DNA strand displacement (DSD) reactions by three to five times compared to prior approaches.