A Self-Labeling Method for Adaptive Machine Learning by Interactive Causality

Learning from unlabeled data or self-learning, can substantially reduce the complexity of machine learning (ML) utilization in real-time deployment. While the development of un/semisupervised algorithms shows promising results in learning with reduced labels, the fundamental assumption of data smoothness restricts its scope of application, especially with nonstationary data distributions in different domains. Leveraging transdomain invariant causal relationships, causality has recently been employed to foster robust ML. In this article, we have developed a generic method for self-labeling data that relies on known causality among interactive objects and learned temporal relations among causal events for identifying and associating labels and input data. The causal time-interval between asynchronous cause and effect events is studied to achieve self-labeling. We utilize dynamical system theory in a 1-
$d$
setting to demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms traditional feature similarity-based semisupervised learning. A computer simulation experiment was conducted to generate high-dimensional data, and the comprehensive results reveal the potential of learning adaptation in dynamic environments to improve ML robustness against shifts in data distribution.