Strategies for Gain Enhancement of Shared Aperture Antennas

It is desirable to improve the gain of existing aperture antennas because it can allow designers to reduce system size while maintaining the same level of performance. Some effective techniques include implementation of GRadient INdex (GRIN) lenses and metasurfaces. GRIN lenses have spatially varying material parameters, while metasurfaces can be used to create a phase gradient that alters the properties of an incoming wave. GRIN lenses and metasurfaces can be designed using sophisticated multi-objective optimization techniques to assure that they meet performance goals.