A V-Band Highly Directive Circularly Polarized Antenna Array for Wireless and Contactless Continuous Glucose Monitoring

In this work, we present an aperture-coupled, seriesfed, multilayer structure array antenna for contactless continuous non-invasive glucose monitoring. The proposed miniaturized, highly directive and circularly polarized V-Band antenna array continuously and non-invasively monitors blood glucose variations. Experiments executed on fetal bovine serum (FBS) solutions and in-vivo experiments on animal models demonstrate high accuracy in the ability of the proposed wireless system to continuously track glucose variations across the diabetic range [30mg/dl - 500mg/dl]. Furthermore, clinical studies executed reveal an acceptable clinical ability of the proposed system in continuously detecting glucose variations. The antenna array system integrated into an earring is able to transmit its radiated beam across the veins of the neck to be received by a second antenna array integrated into a second earring on the other side of the neck. To our knowledge, this is the first wearable system that is capable of continuously monitoring glucose variations in a fully contactless manner.