Maximizing Pencil-Beam Pattern Performance in Metasurface Antennas Through Full-Wave Optimization

We propose a design and optimization scheme for metasurface antennas that decouples the antenna and the feeding structure to maximize the antenna performance. This approach uses 2.5D fast algorithms to simulate the large antenna, significantly decreasing the amount of time and complexity required compared to 3D full-wave simulations. The optimization process is designed to maximize the antenna efficiency within a pencil beam pattern mask with a predefined database of unit cells. We present numerical results of the 3D metasurface antenna model comparing our code with a commercial solver to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.