Sand Battery: An Innovative Solution for Renewable Energy Storage (A Review)

Sand battery technology has emerged as a promising solution for heat/thermal energy storing owing to its high efficiency, low cost, and long lifespan. This innovative technology utilizes the copious and widely available material, sand, as a storage medium to store thermal energy. The sand battery works on the principle of sensible heat storage, which means that the thermal energy is stored in the form of heat in the sand particles. In a sand battery, sand is heated using renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, or geothermal energy during off-peak hours when energy demand is small. This stored thermal energy can then be used during peak hours when energy demand is high. The sand battery has numerous advantages over other thermal energy storage solutions, such as its ability to store big amounts of energy, low maintenance cost, and scalability. The technology is still in the developmental stage, and researchers are working to improve its efficiency and performance. This paper provides a complete evaluation of the existing state of the art of sand battery technology as thermal energy storage, including the working principle, advantages, limitations, and applications. It also discusses the recent developments and challenges in the field and provides insights into the future potential of sand battery technology for thermal energy storage. Overall, sand battery technology has the potential to revolutionize the way we store and utilize thermal energy, providing a sustainable and cost-effective solution for meeting our energy needs. Further research and development are needed to optimize the technology and bring it to the commercial market.