Optical Networks Perspectives to Support Future Connectivity

The evolution of optical networks, with a focus on supporting next-generation connectivity solutions, is driving the development of technological solutions aimed at reducing capital and operational expenditures and energy consumption while increasing capacity, reach, and information security in optical transmissions. Within this context, this paper addresses recent developments and trends in coherent systems, optical amplification, integrated photonics, software-defined networking, and the use of quantum-based cryptography, which are highlighted across various scenarios, including transport, data center interconnects, access, and mobile xHaul.