Electromagnetic–Thermal Co-Design of Base Station Antennas With All-Metal EBG Structures

In order to improve the heat dissipation capability of the 5G base station, the electromagnetic and thermal performances of a base station antenna array are co-designed by adopting all-metal electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structures. The geometrical dimension of the EBG structure is determined through balancing the electromagnetic and thermal performances of the antenna array. The operating frequency band (voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR)
$< $
1.5) of the proposed antenna array can cover 3.4–3.8 GHz. Its realized gains, isolation, cross-polarized discrimination ratio, and half-power beamwidth are satisfactory compared with other state-of-the-art base station antennas. Most importantly, more than 9
$^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$
temperature reduction can be observed when comparing the heat dissipation capability of the proposed antenna array with the reference antenna array.