Modeling and Experimental Validation of a LTO Battery Cell for a Hydrogen Hybrid Bus

This paper describes the measurement performed on a Toshiba SCiB 23Ah Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO) cell with the objective of creating its mathematical model. The model is built as an equivalent circuit model and its parameters are identified with the procedure described. In this paper, models with different complexity are studied, from a model with a single RC element to three RC elements. The models are compared, and their suitability for this particular cell is discussed. The 3RC model yielded the best results; however, the differences from the 2RC model are relatively small. The cell model is built as part of a simulation model that is used to simulate the driving cycles of a hydrogen hybrid bus. The cell model is used to calculate voltages, currents, losses, etc. of the cells during a driving cycle.