A Highly Integrated Multipolarization Wideband Rectenna for Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT)

Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) presents a paradigm shift in future wireless sensing networks (WSNs) and industrial Internet of Things (IoT). A robust receiver capable of effectively capturing random signals from diverse environments is of utmost importance. To address this, we propose a multi-polarization wideband rectenna design, which integrates a novel symmetrical five-port hybrid-ring coupler and highly efficient Class-F rectifier in a compact manner. Due to the high symmetry between the ring coupler and the antenna, the impedance bandwidth (IBW) (
$S_{11} < -10$
dB) and the axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) (AR < 3 dB) of the rectenna is highly coincident for different polarization methods, thereby effectively improving the operational stability and robustness of the multi-polarization rectenna. Our design has demonstrated over 46.3% operational bandwidth (4.12–6.6 GHz) and over 10% circular polarization (CP) bandwidth. The wireless power receiving port has more than 55.6% (up to 76.5%) conversion efficiency over a power dynamic range of 0–10 dBm, while the optimal power routing of different ports can be obtained via the adjustment of the five-port coupler. Our wideband receiver excels in robust signal reception of arbitrary polarization waves, making it suitable for a range of real-world application scenarios in WSN and industrial IoT. It enables optimal power routing and efficient wireless powering, enhancing the overall performance of future WSNs and IoT applications.