ANFIS-Based Fault Distance Locator With Active Power Differential-Based Faulty Line Identification Algorithm for Shunt and Series Compensated Transmission Line Using WAMS

In power systems, it is challenging to identify the faulty line and fault distance when compensating devices are present in the system. This work presents a fault locator using an Adaptive-Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) that accurately estimates the fault location on a compensated line in conjunction with an active power differential-based backup protection algorithm for faulty line identification. Both the faulty line identification algorithm and the ANFIS-based fault locator utilise the positive and negative sequence voltage and current phasors generated by the Phasor Measurement units (PMUs) placed in the system. The ANFIS-based fault locator is trained and tested using the simulated fault data obtained with a MATLAB Simulink model of a modified WSCC 9 bus system. The training data is generated by varying the fault distance in steps of 10 km. The line-to-line resistance (Rf) of
$0.01~\Omega $
,
$0.1~\Omega $
&
$1~\Omega $
, and the line-to-ground resistance (Rg)
$1~\Omega $
,
$10~\Omega $
&
$100~\Omega $
are used with different types of faults (LG, LLG, LLLG, LL& LLL) for training. Two ANFIS structures are trained for the fault distance estimation in compensated line - one for Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) and the other for Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC). Simulation results show the fault locator estimates the fault location accurately with a 5% tolerance in all the fault conditions simulated.