An Image Encryption Algorithm Based on XOR, Flipping, Expansion Permutation and Shifting

In this paper, we propose a new algorithm to encrypt color and grayscale images by creating a strong private key and using XOR, flipping, expansion permutation, and variable circular shifting. The implementation results of the proposed algorithm showed that it is resistant to statistical, differential, and brute force attacks, as verified through the measures of entropy, histograms, correlation, key Sensitivity, keyspace, PSNR, MSE, SSIM, NPCR, and UACI. The overall results demonstrated the efficacy and robustness of the new algorithm.