1-Bit Coding Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna Array for Two-Dimensional Wide-Angle Beam-Scanning

We present a 1-bit coding array using
$8\times 8$
cylindrical dielectric resonator antennas (CDRAs) designed at 2.45 GHz for two-dimensional (2D) beam-scanning. By symmetrically exciting the
$HE_{11\delta}$
mode of a CDRA, a 180° radiation phase difference is obtained, resulting in a 1-bit characteristic. The excited probe is selected by a switchable feeding and is controlled by a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). A series-parallel hybrid microstrip feeding network is deployed for introducing an initial gradient phase distribution to the array and therefore suppressing the inherent symmetrical grating lobe when 1-bit phase resolution is adopted. By designing the coding patterns, the single beam CDRA array can reach a scanning coverage with a ± 50° elevation angle range and 360° azimuth angle range under 3dBi gain fluctuation. The proposed CDRA array is fabricated and measured, and the simulated and measured results are in a good agreement. The proposed array featuring low-cost and low profile is suitable for terminals to interact with continuously moving communication platforms.