Impact of UAV Wobbling on the Air-to-Terrestrial Wireless Communication Channels in Various Frequency Bands

Recently, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have stroke great interest in the field of wireless communication due to their unique capabilities, for instance, flexibility, maneuverability, and adaptive altitude adjustment. However, the impact of the UAV jitter on parameters related to air-to-terrestrial wireless communication channel characteristics and how to reasonably quantify this impact have not been widely explored. In this paper, we assume a single UAV scenario under the Rician multipath channel model to derive the relationship between channel capacity and channel quality with the number of antennas and carrier frequency, the sensitivity of channels at different carrier frequencies to UAV random jitter, and the comparative results of channel availability at the same jitter level through the experiments. Finally, it is concluded that under the condition of the same carrier frequency, the channel capacity and transmission rate are proportional to the number of transmitting and receiving antennas, while the maximum pitch angle of the UAV swing is inversely proportional to the length of the channel coherence time; under the condition of the same number of transmitting and receiving antennas, the carrier frequency of the channel is inversely proportional to the channel coherence time and the channel stability, especially in millimeter-wave conditions.