Prediction of Dental Fluorosis Infection based on Particle Optimized Scored KNN Approach

Due to its simplicity of usage across a variety of applications, the K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm is usually utilized as a classification approach. The K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm's accuracy is greatly impacted by the occurrence of multidimensional and outlier data. This research uses a novel hybrid technique known as Particle Optimized Scored K-Nearest Neighbor (POSKNN) to build a model to predict the emergence of dental fluorosis. The proposed novel approach is implemented in two phases: the first phase helps in the resolution of multidimensional data by performing selection of feature using the Modified Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm, and the second phase helps in the resolution of the presence of outliers by making use of the results of the first phase and applying the newly proposed scored KNN technique to them. The suggested approach was tested using a real-world dataset acquired from three dentistry clinics in Egypt's El Baharia Oasis, which has 56 attributes, two classes, and 328 records. 10-fold cross validation was implemented to the model. The experimental evaluation was divided into two parts; evaluation for modified particle swarm optimization, evaluation for scored K nearest neighbor, and the hybrid particle optimized scored K nearest neighbor. The experiment’s results demonstrated that the suggested approach outperformed the traditional KNN and the modified KNN. POSKNN achieved an accuracy of 94.5% when K value is 11.