Antenna Model for Safe Human Exposure in Future 6G Smartphones: A Network Perspective

In this article we present the biological effect of antenna topology on a user’s body. At different values of exposed frequency, the absorbent nature varies in human body. One of the major factors to be taken into consideration for designing 5G/6G mobile antenna is the biological effect and Electromagnetic Field Exposure (EMF). This is because the radio waves absorbed in human tissue leads to temperature elevation and has associated health hazards. We present an 8 port Multiple Input Multiple Output antenna system for use in 6G and beyond smartphone application devices. The proposed antenna is PIFA (Planar Inverted F Antenna) with dimensions
$17.85\times 5\mathbf {\mathrm {mm}}^{\mathbf {2}}$
and has dual band function at Sub 6GHz and 28/54 GHz band. The mean effective gain variation is < 3dB and the efficiency ranges from 65-75% for the proposed antenna. There are three case scenarios present for the proposed antenna system to reduce the EM radiation exposure. The execution of the proposed antenna system is studied in terms of EM metrics. The performance is validated with low peak SAR values obtained, low power density, exposure ratio and temperature elevation. There is EM radiation reduction while maintaining a desired Quality of service (QoS) and QoE. Battery life enhancement is also seen in a smartphone device with the proposed configuration.