Integrating Centralized and Decentralized Battery Management Systems using Smart Cell Technology for Enhanced Battery Safety

Lithium-ion batteries are becoming increasingly popular due to their high efficiency, extended lifespans, and ability to contribute to clean energy sources. However, despite their benefits, these batteries can pose significant safety risks in the event of short circuits, fires, or exposure, typically due to the lack of protective circuits in battery-related applications. Therefore, battery management systems (BMS) has been designed which includes centralized and decentralized BMS. However, several flaws in BMS keeps the danger loop open. This work introduced the smart cell technique in order to achieve this goal by integrating the techniques of centralized and decentralized BMS. The suggested method makes use of the benefits of both centralized and decentralized BMS to offer more secure battery operation. In-depth discussions of the simulation, hardware implementation, and restrictions, as well as various failure types and their solutions, are included in this work.