F$^{3}$3VeTrac: Enabling Fine-Grained, Fully-Road-Covered, and Fully-Individual- Penetrative Vehicle Trajectory Recovery

Obtaining urban-scale vehicle trajectories is essential to understand urban mobility and benefits various downstream applications. The mobility knowledge obtained from existing vehicle trajectory sensing techniques is typically incomplete. To fill the gap, we propose
$F^{3}VeTrac$
, an efficient deep-learning-based vehicle trajectory recovery system that utilizes complementary characteristics of the Camera Surveillance System and the Vehicle Tracking System to obtain fine-grained, fully-road-covered, and fully-individual-penetrative (
$F^{3}$
) trajectories.
$F^{3}VeTrac$
utilizes five well-designed modules to model the co-occurrence relationships hidden in both coarse-grained and fine-grained trajectories from the two complementary sensing systems and fuse them to recover the coarse-grained trajectories. We implement and evaluate
$F^{3}VeTrac$
with two real-world datasets from over 100 million regular vehicle trajectories and 16 million commercial vehicle trajectories in two cities of China, together with an on-field case study based on 251 regular vehicle trajectories collected by 17 volunteers, demonstrating its great advantages over six state-of-the-art alternative schemes. Moreover, we present a downstream application of
$F^{3}VeTrac$
for traffic condition estimation, which obtains obvious performance gains.