Estimating High-Resolution Surface Normals via Low-Resolution Photometric Stereo Images

Acquiring high-resolution 3D surface structures is a crucial task in computer vision as it provides more detailed surface textures and clearer structures. Photometric stereo can measure per-pixel surface normals of a 3D object using various shading cues. However, obtaining high-resolution images in a linear response photometric stereo imaging system can be challenging. Additionally, photometric stereo, as a per-pixel reconstruction method, requires higher-resolution surface normal maps to accurately depict complex surface structures, particularly in regions that demand more attention and precise reconstruction. Therefore, measuring high-resolution surface normals via low-resolution photometric stereo images is of great importance. Motivated by these, we propose a Super-resolution Photometric Stereo Network, namely SR-PSN. In order to address the issues of measuring the high-resolution surface normals from low-resolution photometric images, we mainly (1) apply a dual-position threshold normalization pre-processing scheme to effectively handle the spatially-varying reflectance of non-Lambertian surfaces, (2) adopt a local affinity feature module to learn the rich structural representation by explicitly revealing the neighbor relationships, (3) employ a parallel multi-scale feature extractor, which preserves high-resolution representations and deep feature extraction, and (4) propose a shared-weight regressor to handle the multi-scale features, to prevent the model collapsing into learning non-important features related to a certain fixed scale. Extensive ablation experiments validate the effectiveness of our proposed modules. Furthermore, quantitative experiments conducted on public benchmarks demonstrate that SR-PSN outperforms state-of-the-art calibrated photometric stereo methods. Notably, SR-PSN achieves superior results while utilizing photometric stereo images with only half the resolution of other methods. It effectively restores the structure of complex surfaces, producing a high-resolution normal map.