Transformation of Voltage Control Processes within the Energy Transition: A German Perspective

Within the energy transition, maintaining system security becomes more challenging. The number and severity of critical system operation points will increase due to volatile power infeed from renewable energy sources, higher grid loads, and the phase-out of conventional power plants. To replace the decreasing number of conventional power plants, including their reactive power potential, new assets and additional potentials need to be incorporated. With this increasing number of small-scale elements and the system's volatility, system operation becomes more complex and thus reveals a need for supporting tools within the operational process. Based on the needs, this survey paper examines existing European approaches towards voltage control and evaluates their suitability for Germany. The paper also shows further transformation paths, considering the legal framework and finally presenting possible transition paths for Germany.