Problems with measurement at the borders between electricity transmission and distribution networks in Bulgaria

The article describes important problems related to the measurement of energy transmitted through the borders of the transmission company and the distribution companies in Bulgaria, as well as through the distribution networks. An efficient approach for their solution is proposed, which simultaneously allows the determination of the transmitted electricity in case of loss of an arbitrary measurement and the easy detection of the electricity thefts. An example of calculation of electrical energy losses in a 110/20 kV substation is presented. Analyses are performed and conclusions are drawn.