Study of Three Phase Fault Analysis and Design of Universal Relay using Different Power System Protection Methods

Any circumstance or condition that causes voltage or current to abruptly increase to an exceptionally high amount is a fault. Power system failures are a serious problem since the high current that flows during faults can cause power interruptions, equipment failure, hazardous situations and even blackouts. A fault analysis compares the performance of the entire system before and after the fault situation and helps in designing a system that can identify and isolate all abnormalities or faults. Based on the fault analysis, the designing of different relays is addressed in this work. The focus has been mainly given to overcurrent relays. A universal relay is a module that contains many relays and any one of the relays can be used depending on one's needs. A proper protection scheme for the power system needs to have a primary as well as backup protection. It ensures that even when one equipment fails, the system is not damaged. This can be achieved by a time graded system which is a real-world application of overcurrent relays. This has been addressed in this work. Autoreclosing system helps in distinguishing between temporary and permanent faults and helps in having service continuity in case of temporary faults.