Multiband fractal antenna for 5G and IoT applications

The need for efficient, low-loss compact antennas emerge with the advent of 5G wireless networking technology suitable for IoT applications and many other fast wireless communications. Microstrip patch antennas are highly suitable for such applications. Fractal antennas provide compactness and improved efficiency in the desired frequencies of operations. A novel three-layered multiband fractal antenna with hexagonal geometry suitable for both fourth-generation/fifth-generation wireless communications and IoT applications has been designed. The antenna is specifically engineered to resonate at three spectral bands viz., 2.6 GHz (LTE), 3.6 GHz (sub-6 GHz 5G), and 5.25 GHz (LTE-U). To assess its performance, simulations were conducted utilizing HFSS software, and the antenna yields a minimum return loss of approximately -20 dB across all three frequency ranges.