Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) in EVs using Super-Capacitors: A Comprehensive Study

This paper targets Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) in EVs which utilizes a supercapacitor in addition to a battery. This system employs a bidirectional DC-to-DC converter to enable the power flow between the battery, supercapacitor, and motor (PMSM). The presence of supercapacitors provides a smoother and even more comfortable driving experience. In addition, Solar PV panels are installed to keep the supercapacitor charged during daylight operations. Supercapacitors are preferred to aid batteries due to their fast charge-discharge cycles, making them suitable for regenerative braking and supplying extra power to the motor during peak demands. HESS implementation results in increased vehicle acceleration performance, reduced battery size, and weight, as well as a reduced overall cost. The HESS system was simulated using MATLAB to understand its operation. Simulations show power flow, voltage and current profiles, and energy efficiency. EV's performance and energy efficiency are improved significantly with HESS.