Enabling optimal vehicle-to-grid operation in a DC microgrid

Electric vehicle supply infrastructures in the framework of DC microgrid represent a promising solution for the effective smart integration of electric mobility in power grids. In the context of optimal energy management of microgrids, technical and economic condition fostering electric vehicle and energy storage systems interaction within the microgrid and with distribution network should be assessed. In this study, a set of different scenarios involving variations on structural, operation and economic conditions is investigated in the microgrid day-ahead energy management. The purpose of the study is to detect and compare differences in exchanged power within the microgrid and with the distribution grid, by means of proper technical and economic performance indicator definition. The procedure is applied to a realistic installation, involving a photovoltaic generator, a battery energy storage system and a set of five bidirectional EV charging stations.