Optimal off-grid photovoltaic production in developing countries during critical months by using optimum tilt

The study focuses on determining the optimal monthly inclination angle of the photovoltaic panels with the aim of maximizing the solar irradiance captured each month of the year. This data, together with the knowledge of the necessary monthly electricity consumption, will help to optimally select the generator power or make a correct location of the panels. The use of off-grid photovoltaic systems in latitudes between ±37° is increasingly used as the main method of electricity supply in many developing countries. The aim is to find simple equations to relate the monthly optimal inclination of the solar panels and latitude in the mentioned range of latitudes. These equations can be very useful when irradiance data and advanced computer tools are not available to provide the monthly optimal inclination in that site. By optimizing the solar capture in the critical month and designing the system to guarantee the electricity demand that month, there will be enough photovoltaic production in the rest of the months.