A comprehensive review energy efficient wireless sensor network

In recent years, both the research community and end users have initiated to give more attention to wireless sensor networks (WSNs). WSNs are spatially dispersed networks with a large number of nodes that can monitor and record a variety of ecological conditions including humidity, temperature, pressure and lightning conditions. As a result of recent developments in advanced data transmission, the deployment of WSNs has substantially improved. A number of real-world issues can be solved at low cost using wireless sensor networks. Energy efficiency is the main criteria for routing protocol design for the wireless sensor networks since the life-time of the systems depends on the durability of each sensor node. The small sensor node in a WSN runs on a very small battery that has a limited amount of energy. It is not possible to change the battery or recharge the battery. So, the crucial factor is how energy-efficiently WSN operates. This article provides a brief overview of various secure and energy-efficient routing protocols including LEACH, PEGASIS, SEP, DDEEC, EESAA, IAATPC, and EESCA for wireless sensor networks.