Application of Dynamic Programming for Optimal Hybrid Energy Management System: Hydro-Photovoltaic-Diesel-BESS

The rapid advancement of new resources of energy has been increasing in the world day by day with traditional resources of power generation. The goals of such developments are to increase both economic and environmental benefits. In the literature, there have been a lot of hybrid systems that have come into existence as a combination of different energy resources with different configurations. In this scenario, the combination of different energy resources like photovoltaic (PV), water turbine (hydro), diesel generator (D), and battery energy storage system (BESS), each with a different configuration, is taken into account, leading to a hybrid energy management system. Furthermore, the proposed system leads to a real-world optimization problem that is solved by the use of dynamic programming. For this purpose, we have taken into account the existing day-ahead data of load, electricity, and other sources for the optimal output of the proposed hybrid system. Moreover, the objective function is the minimization of cost by organizing distributed energy resources as well as the emission reduction of toxic gases. The objective function is constrained by balancing the power between the supply and load requirements and the restrictions of each distributed energy resource. A multistage decision procedure known as Dynamic programming is used in regard to state of charge (SOC), which yields the optimal cost of the system. For this purpose, we tried to make use of conventional as well as local turbines, which lead to small hydropower plants that contribute to the proposed system as a case study in the northern areas of Pakistan in order to produce low-cost electricity. The purpose of the proposed study is to develop an optimal hybrid energy management system that generates more power at a minimum cost. Moreover, the maintenance cost is reduced to a high extent as compared to the previous hybrid system in the literature. Due to the minimum use of diesel generator, the proposed hybrid system produces optimal results in terms of clean energy provision as compared to the existent techniques in the literature.