Power System Protection: Hybrid Technologies to Improve the Stability a Detailed Review

The operational & fault properties of distributing systems are significantly impacted by rising renewable energy penetration & grid upgrading programs. To maintain safe and dependable operation, protective systems must take into consideration the evolving subtleties in systems' transitory responses to perturbations and the ensuing voltage and/or current. Depending on the selected security mechanism, the methods for modeling and assessing power systems must also change accordingly. As a result, this study examines cutting-edge and developing strategies for safeguarding future energy systems. To provide a thorough overview of fault identification and suggestions for future study, the approaches are grouped based on operational principles and changes in the fundamental mathematical description. The dynamic nature of transmission systems, the norms and needs for interconnectivity, considering the necessity for greater quality models and/or the shortcomings of present methodologies, system automating is also explored. Finally, the dependability, safety, & communication/design requirements difficulties related to the protection algorithms are contrasted.