Powerline Energy Harvesting with Maximum Power Point Tracking for a Wide Current Range

This paper presents a powerline energy harvesting circuit to power wireless sensor nodes for powerline safety monitoring. The magnetic harvester is a ring-shaped nano-crystalline magnetic core, which transforms the ac powerline current to ac voltage. The major building blocks of the circuit are a buck-boost converter operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) and a microcontroller unit (MCU) for maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The MPPT algorithm based on the perturb and observe senses the current flowing into the load and adjusts the duty cycle of the buck-boost converter to match the source impedance. The magnetic core delivers 6.98 W to an optimal
$200\ \Omega$
resistor directly attached to the core under the powerline current of 30 A. The output power of the proposed circuit is 4.86 W with the optimal load resistance of
$R_{L}=250\ \Omega$
, resulting in the conversion efficiency of 70%.