Precise Modeling of Coplanar Device Measurements Under Realistic Conditions up to G-Band

Coplanar devices are being used in many new applications, from next-generation (6G) wireless communication systems to autonomous driving and radar sensors. Often they are the building blocks of monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs), hybrid circuits, or printed circuit boards (PCBs). Since RF circuit design relies on the accurate characterization of circuit components, a thorough understanding of measurement and modeling techniques is essential. Especially at higher frequencies, accurate modeling becomes more challenging due to the presence of nonideal physical effects that degrade accuracy. This article explains how to accurately predict the propagation characteristics of coplanar devices under measurement conditions, taking into account typical high-frequency effects such as radiation, dispersion, surface roughness, and probe influence up to $G$ -band frequencies.