Distortion reduction in photovoltaic output current via optimized extremum seeking control

In this paper, we propose a novel approach to minimize the effects of small duty cycle perturbations, due to extremum seeking control (ESC), on the output current of a photovoltaic (PV) cell array connected to the electrical grid. Specifically, we formulate a bilevel optimization problem that incorporates the power maximization objective together with a current quality objective. Next, by means of monotone operator theory, we show how to solve the problem via optimized ESC. Finally, we test the effectiveness of the proposed approach on a numerical simulation example.