Guidelines and Experimental Hydraulic performance Evaluation for Single-Phase CDUs Under Steady and Transient Events

About 40% of the energy utilized in data centers is used for cooling systems, and this percentage has increased significantly in recent years. Data center server racks receive indirect cooling from computer room air conditioning units (CRACs) or computer room air handler units (CRAHs), and chilled air is sent to the racks through a raised floor plenum to cool the server room. This approach is inefficient because the server room has excessive cooling while the IT equipment has inadequate cooling. The data center industry has begun to use thermally and energy-efficient single-phase liquid cooling solutions as a result of the tremendous increase in IT power density and energy usage. One of the most popular liquid cooling systems will be examined in the current study, which is based on numerous circumstances. Under various secondary coolant conditions, the hydro-thermal performance of different liquid-to-air and liquid-to-liquid coolant distribution units (CDUs) will be assessed experimentally using multi-racks loaded with different numbers of thermal testing vehicles (TTVs), and the system response to any change in the flow will be examined by disconnecting and reconnecting the TTVs cooling loops in the multi-racks through different sequences of transient events. Moreover, a set of rules and guidelines will be established to commission these units.