High Power Density Rack Design Optimal for Hyper Scale Data Center Carbon Emission Reduction

Nowadays, one of the important considerations for the hyper Scale data center is the carbon emission indicator which reflect to the power efficiency. Power efficiency used to be focused on CPU/GPU components' level, thermal design, fan powers, such as silicon vendors evolve their production generation to generation to pursue higher performance/W. However, from data center perspective, system power supply optimization is another key ingredient for better power efficiency and carbon emission reduction, especially for the high density rack server system. 12V input power supply is most common power solution in rack design, while the power loss is increasing dramatically along with rising system power consumption. Thus, a novel 48V system power supply solution for high density rack design is introduced in this paper. The 48V system power solution has up to 36KW power capacity with dual power input and 2% efficiency improvement compared to 12V power supply. The power loss on rack bus bar can reduce up to 93%, which results in the total number of rack power supply units reduce 37.5%. The 48V power supply system has volume deployed in Baidu's data center. In the paper, TCO calculation with volume deployment data for carbon emission reduction is also introduced.