Algorithmic Approaches for DER Sizing and Spatial Placement in Radial Networks

Deployment of distributed energy resources (DERs) into the unidirectional distribution grid while respecting operational limits such as reliable voltage range, low system losses, etc. poses challenges that require a viable solution. In this study, a power injection-based algorithm is developed to simulate the power flows for each location and size of DER in the radial network. This paper presents two methodologies developed in MATLAB using Matpower to determine the optimal location and size of DER. The first methodology is based on a nested decision-making algorithm, the hierarchical method (HM). The second is the weighting method (WM), which has the multi-objective of keeping voltage magnitudes as close to one per unit as possible to provide reliable operation and minimize total system losses. A case study is conducted on the IEEE 33-bus system to demonstrate the effectiveness of each methodology in achieving optimal DER location and sizing. The results indicate that both methodologies have strengths and weaknesses depending on the specific power system scenarios.