Smart Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) Platform Enabled Home Energy Management System (HEMS) for Backup Supply

This paper presents a unique approach for managing and demonstrating AC vehicle-to-home (V2H) with bidirectional-capable electric vehicles (EV) to act as battery backup to support full and critical home loads during power outage. The concept is based on a new smart breaker technology with monitoring, control, and protection capabilities at the home load panel and electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE). The project identifies the system requirements in terms of hardware, software, and communications, considering IEEE 2030.5-2018, SAE J3072, and SAE J1772. A home energy management system (HEMS) is developed to manage home loads with real-time control during V2H considering EV’s state-of-charge (SOC), time to leave, time to charge, minimum SOC, and maximum discharge power. A simulation platform that includes EV model, vehicle travel patten, home and solar profiles, and HEMS is developed and used to analyze the proposed V2H system performance under rolling blackout. The performance of V2H system is compared with 10kWh residential battery in terms of cost, load support, solar generation utilization, and mobility. The proposed V2H system was able to absorb 100% of solar generation and support home loads for continuous 3 days compared to less than 1 day with residential battery. Additionally, V2H provides significant cost saving by using available EV to replace ~$10k residential battery.