Collaborative Planning for Hybrid Refueling Stations With PV Power in Highway Networks

Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) are ideal technologies for highway transport to achieve zero emissions, and their widespread adoption in highway networks require sufficient available hybrid refueling stations (HRSs). However, existing planning models for HRSs tend to focus on the interior of the city, the research on the planning of HRSs in highway networks, as well as the optimal allocation of hydrogen that can exist between HRSs is usually ignored. This article proposed a collaborative planning method for HRSs in highway networks that included photovoltaic (PV) and hydrogen allocation. First, based on the Floyd algorithm and the Monte Carlo algorithm, this article proposed a charging demand simulation method for HRSs in highway networks. Then we proposed an HRSs energy allocation method using hydrogen as backup mobile energy which aims to realize the cross-space energy dispatch of multi-site PV power generation and improve the energy supply reliability of the HRSs. Finally, based on the above research, considering the safety constraints of the power system along the highway network and the installed capacity constraints of the PV power generation system, we proposed an HRSs planning model including electric-hydrogen conversion devices and storage systems. This method minimizes the transportation cost of hydrogen by rationally planning the amount of hydrogen tube trailers (HTTs) and transportation routes, realizes cross-space energy scheduling of multi-site PV power generation, and thereby improving the energy supply reliability of HRSs and the consumption rate of PV power generation. The case study indicates that compared with the traditional method, the planning method proposed in this article reduces the operating cost by 32.5%, and the total cost decreases by 8.5%, with the PV power consumption rate along the highway network also improved to a certain extent.