Systematic Review of Diagnostic Modalities for Sleep Apnea: A Comprehensive Analysis

Sleep apnea is a prevalent sleep condition where a person experiences frequent interruptions in breathing during their sleep. Which can lead to decreased oxygen levels and poor quality of sleep. The sleep cycle consists of Rapid Eye Movement (REM) and three distinct phases of Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM). Sleep apnea eventually decreases the amount of time spent in REM and NREM3 (Which is the deepest stage of sleep. Sleep apnea primarily falls into three categories. Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a condition where the soft tissues in the lower portion of the throat relax during slumber, obstructing the upper airway. A lack of the appropriate signals that the brain sends to control the muscles that control breathing is a defining feature of central sleep apnea (CSA). The combination of central and obstructive sleep apnea is known as mixed sleep apnea (MSA). Sleep apnea cases have been tremendously reported in recent years. In adults, excess weight and obesity that affect the soft tissues of the mouth and pharynx are the primary causes of OSA, whereas, in children, enlarged tonsils and adenoids are responsible for the condition. Loud snoring, extreme daily sleepiness, impaired memory, and fatigue are some signs of sleep apnea. A sleep study can be used to identify sleep apnea. Monitoring a person’s brain waves, documenting their muscle movements, and using equipment like Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) are all part of polysomnography (PSG). Untreated sleep apnea can result in metabolic and cardiovascular problems. For a better existence, a study on sleep apnea is recommended.