State-of-the-Art Techniques For Design Of Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery System Based On Optimal Control Methods: A Review

Cancer is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Approximately 700,000 cancer deaths occur annually in the United States and every year, more than a million new cancer cases are predicted. Chemotherapy and hyperthermia are effective treatment options for patients with high-risk cancers. At disseminated cancer sites, chemotherapeutic drugs can be infused into the bloodstream to stop cancer cell growth and/or spread. The dose of drugs infused into a patient's vein during chemotherapy is often controlled using computerized drug delivery systems. Clinicians typically struggle to identify the correct dosage of intravenous chemotherapy because of unforeseen side effects such as immune response and increased toxicity, and optimization algorithms and automated control approaches have been developed to aid in the safe administration of cancer chemotherapy drugs. To govern the distribution of closed-loop intravenous anticancer medicines, several controllers have been created, and numerous mathematical models have been developed to mimic the behavior of cancer by considering various phases in various treatment options such as chemotherapy and radiation. This study provides a current state-of-the-art review of the function of anti-cancer drug delivery systems, as well as the control approaches and different strategies used in building an anti-cancer drug delivery system, such as mathematical models, optimized control, and hybrid algorithms.