Fault Diagnosis and Detection for Battery System in Real-World Electric Vehicles Based on Long-Term Feature Outlier Analysis

Accurate detection and diagnosis battery faults are increasingly important to guarantee safety and reliability of battery systems. Developed methods for battery early fault diagnosis concentrate on short-term data to analyze the deviation of external features without considering the long-term latent period of faults. This work proposes a novel data-driven method to detect long-term latent fault and abnormality for electric vehicles (EVs) based on real-world operation data. Specifically, the battery fault features are extracted from the incremental capacity (IC) curves, which are smoothed by advanced filter algorithms. Second, principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm is utilized to reduce dimensionality, and the cumulative percent variance (CPV) is to determine the number of significant features. Based on the features, a cluster algorithm is employed to capture the battery potential failure information. Moreover, the cumulative root-mean-square deviation is introduced to quantificationally analyze the degree of the battery failures using large-scale battery data to avoid the missing fault reports using short-term data. In addition, a battery system failure index is proposed to evaluate battery fault conditions. The results indicate that the proposed long-term feature analysis method can effectively detect and diagnose faults.