Power Flow Model for Medium-voltage Distribution Systems Considering Measurement and Structure Characteristics

Medium-voltage distribution systems (MVDSs) mainly consist of a feeder head, lines, distribution transformers, and the equivalent load or power supply interfaced with the distribution transformers. The information of such load or power supply can be measured via the three-wattmeter method (THM) and the two-wattmeter method (TWM). The measurements can be used to perform the control of the power supply and simulate the characteristics of the load, so the models of the load and the power supply need to consider the measurement characteristics. Existing research works on three-phase power flow (PF) just consider the measurement characteristics of THM. Hence, the PF equation of the bus measured via TWM is firstly built. Based on conventional measurements, an accurate and general model of the grounded and ungrounded slack bus is proposed. Furthermore, the influence arising from the connection type and angle shift of distribution transformers on the admittance matrix is considered, and thus a general three-phase transformer model is summarized, which is applicable for all the transformers mentioned herein. Finally, Newton's method is adopted to solve the PF calculation, and the performance of the proposed PF model is demonstrated through designed tests.