A Comprehensive Review on Monitoring Sensors for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Management

cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, with 17.9 million deaths occurring annually. This disease an illness that affects the heart and blood vessels, and it has various consequences, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, stroke, and hypertension. Indeed, many factors that can contribute to cardiovascular disease, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and smoking. Therefore, real-time monitoring of cardiac-related parameters is necessary in order to collect patient information, detect abnormal problems, and prevent cardiac complications. In this paper, we review the latest studies concerning the principles and classification of various monitoring sensors, and different cardiovascular parameters, including pulse wave, ECG, SCG/BCG, PCG, and ACG…. First, we examine and compare recent cardiovascular disease monitoring techniques, and then we summarize and discuss different mechanisms of pulse signals. Finally, we propose direction based on current research to improve preventing and managing cardiovascular diseases.