Secure and Location Based Energy Efficient Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks play a major role in applications that require challenging human contact, which can greatly benefit from the use of wireless sensor networks. WSN is widely used in real-time applications, including security systems, environmental monitoring systems, disaster management, and health monitoring, among others. Due to the fact that sensor nodes are placed in remote locations, it is difficult to find their position and optimize the energy used by the sensor nodes. So, it’s crucial to increase network lifespan by locating them, enhancing energy efficiency, and giving the network security in order to improve network performance. By merging the WSN network’s routing idea into the wireless data network’s hierarchical clustering routing algorithm LEACH, specifically Quadrant Based LEACH, a locationbased routing protocol (QB-LEACH) is suggested. The proposed work comprises three phases, namely, location estimation using Grey Wolf optimisation, energy-efficient clustering by the Quadrant Based-LEACH algorithm, and detection of malicious nodes by a trust-based model. Simulation results show that the proposed Secure and Location Based Energy Efficient Protocol (SLEEP) outperforms in terms of packet delivery ratio, average route path length, average delay, and energy consumption.