Compliance testing concept of grid-connected inverter-based resources using simulated input

The paper aims at methods for compliance testing of power-generating modules (PGMs) or their components. The methods discussion include power-hardware-in-loop (PHIL), controller-hardware-in-loop and novel simulated input PHIL (SI-PHIL) techniques. The advantages and disadvantages of the test techniques and their feasibility for laboratory or field settings are presented. In the following, the SI-PHIL approach to verify selected PGM requirements related to static network support is demonstrated on an inverter based PGM model. Further discussion aims at the necessity to establish robust test methodology if SI-PHIL is to be extensively used and points out possible critical vulnerabilities of internet-connected PGMs.